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THE COST OF BEAUTY:
EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF
UNLICENSED WORK ON FAMILY DYNAMICS
EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF
UNLICENSED WORK ON FAMILY DYNAMICS
Abstract
This article explores the impact of illegal employment and unlicensed products in the beauty industry on family relationships. The study aims to examine the social and medical consequences of operating beauty salons without proper licensing for both clients and their families. The research employed general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and statistical modeling. The findings indicate that illegal employment in beauty salons is widespread in the United States, leading to a decline in service quality and significant health risks for clients. Many beauty salons hire undocumented workers, often migrants, who lack the necessary documentation, making them vulnerable to exploitation. These workers are deprived of social security and protection, exposing them to exploitative and hazardous working conditions, which adversely affects their health and well-being and, by extension, their families. The beauty industry frequently attracts clients with reduced prices made possible by illegal labor. However, consumers are often unaware of the health risks associated with using such services and products. Cosmetic products may contain harmful chemicals, posing particular dangers to children. Additionally, the use of non-certified products can lead to allergic reactions, hair loss, skin redness, and other undesirable side effects. Improperly performed cosmetic procedures can have significant physical and psychological repercussions, negatively affecting family dynamics. Failed procedures can cause facial deformities, chronic pain, and loss of employability, increasing the risk of family conflicts and stress. The use of invasive procedures, such as Botox, without proper oversight, can result in serious complications, including symptoms similar to botulism. The practical significance of this research lies in raising consumer awareness about the risks associated with services and products linked to illegal labor in the beauty industry and in developing policies to protect the rights of both workers and clients.
Keywords: illegal labor, beauty industry, exploitation, health, family relationships.
Problem statement
In the modern world, where appearance often takes precedence over other personal attributes, the beauty industry is experiencing rapid growth. This sector is one of the most profitable but also one of the most vulnerable to abuse, especially in the use of illegal labor. In the United States, beauty salons have become a hotspot for various violations, including illegal employment, leading to serious social and economic consequences.
Illegal employment in beauty salons frequently involves migrants who, in search of a better life, find themselves in extremely vulnerable situations. These workers accept low wages and long working hours without adequate social protection, which ultimately undermines labor standards and fosters exploitation. The problem is exacerbated by a lack of proper regulation and oversight, allowing employers to evade responsibility for violating labor laws.
On the other hand, the practice of using illegal labor helps reduce service costs, which is appealing to consumers. However, this also results in lower service quality and increased health risks for clients, who may encounter unprofessional procedures and the use of substandard or even dangerous cosmetic products.
These challenges lead to not only economic but also profound family consequences. The use of low-quality cosmetic products can cause allergies and skin diseases, and in severe cases, chronic illnesses or even cancer, necessitating additional expenses for treatment and rehabilitation. Such issues disrupt family life, raising stress levels and even causing family conflicts.
Thus, illegal employment and the use of unlicensed products in beauty salons represent a serious socio-economic and familial problem that requires state attention. Necessary interventions should include strengthening the legislative framework, increasing oversight of salon operations, and providing education and social protection for the most vulnerable categories of workers.
Analysis of recent scientific research and publications
The issue of the impact of unauthorized cosmetic activities on family dynamics is not well-covered in the literature. Numerous studies address two key aspects of this problem: the harm caused by the use of unsafe cosmetic products and the negative consequences of illegal employment in the beauty industry.
Research focusing on the harm from using harmful cosmetic products highlights the health risks associated with unregulated products. Boer et al. (2016) analyze how the improper use of cosmetics can damage the skin barrier, leading to serious dermatological issues. Borowska and Brzóska (2015) and Marinovich et al. (2014) focus on the toxic effects of metals in cosmetics, emphasizing the health hazards posed by these components. Tsatalis et al. (2017) explore the history of toxic ingredient usage in cosmetics and underscore the need for stricter regulation in this field.
Other researchers, such as Perez et al. (2017) and Wang et al. (2020), examine the risks for children and adults using cosmetic products with high levels of metals and metalloids. These works highlight the importance of strict quality control over cosmetic products.
Regarding the negative consequences of illegal employment in the beauty industry, Acumen America (2023) and the National Hair & Beauty Federation (2023) shed light on the unfair working conditions and dangers faced by workers in this sector. Farah&Farah (2019) discuss common injuries related to the use of cosmetic products and procedures, while Starpil Wax (2022) draws attention to the issue of human trafficking in this industry.
These studies demonstrate that poor-quality cosmetic products and illegal employment in the beauty industry can have serious repercussions for individuals and their families. Moreover, expert publications in contemporary online outlets like "Natural Home" (2023) and "Personal Care Insights" (2023) underscore the relevance of these issues and the need for stricter regulations to protect consumers and workers. Despite a substantial amount of literature on this topic, there is a noticeable lack of a systematic approach to its study. Therefore, various scientific methods have been employed to analyze, group, and systematize information to better understand the impact of unauthorized cosmetic activities on family dynamics.
The aim of the study is to highlight the state of negative employment practices and the use of low-quality and unregistered medical products in the industry and their impact on family dynamics.
Results
The issue of informal employment in beauty salons
In the beauty salons of the United States, the widespread issue of illegal employment often accompanies problems with the quality of beauty services and, notably, negative health impacts for clients. According to the National Hair & Beauty Federation (NHBF), many salons face legal and ethical challenges due to the use of illegal labor. This phenomenon is prevalent across various types of salons, where workers may be employed without the proper documentation that permits legal employment (NHBF, 2023).
Beauty salons frequently hire workers who are migrants without proper documentation, making them particularly vulnerable to exploitation. These workers typically accept low wages and long working hours because they often have no other means to earn an income. According to Starpil Wax (2022), in many cases, such workers may be victims of human trafficking, forced to work under conditions that do not meet labor law standards. One aspect of this problem is the risk of children being drawn into illegal employment. It is estimated that by 2025, around 140 million children worldwide may be at risk of forced labor, potentially including work in beauty salons and other sectors of the personal care industry. This situation requires urgent intervention to ensure the protection of children's labor rights and to prevent their exploitation (Personal Care Insights, 2023).
Economic factors also play a crucial role in sustaining the system of illegal employment. Beauty salon owners often seek to reduce costs by hiring illegal workers willing to work for lower wages and under conditions that violate labor laws. This creates unfair competition for businesses that comply with the law and encourages the continued spread of illegal labor (Acumen America, 2023).
Illegal workers in beauty salons are often deprived of access to social guarantees and protection, making them susceptible to exploitation. The lack of proper oversight of working conditions results in these workers facing forced overtime, low pay, and hazardous working environments. This also negatively affects their health and well-being (Starpil Wax, 2023).
The use of illegal workers in beauty salons is a significant factor that allows for offering services at reduced prices. This approach attracts a large portion of clients looking for economically favorable options. In an economic climate where competition for customers is high, the ability to lower costs is crucial for many businesses in this sector.
Each year, the consumption of cosmetic products increases globally. However, consumers may not be fully aware of the health risks associated with using these products and services (Marinovich et al., 2014). Concerns about product composition have risen, increasing pressure on the cosmetic industry.
Negative impact of services and products in the beauty sector on family dynamics
Threats from children's cosmetics
Research indicates serious health threats associated with the use of substandard cosmetic products, particularly among children. Studies show that many cosmetic products contain high levels of harmful chemicals, such as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), which can be toxic even in very low doses. Special attention should be given to facial products, lip products, and mascara, which have been found to contain significant levels of fluorine, a marker for PFAS.
The statistics on the use of beauty products for children are especially alarming (Natural Home, 2023). In 20% of the analyzed products, ingredients were found that can lead to the formation of volatile organic compounds. Laboratory tests detected lead and cadmium in 10% of face paints. In 5% of scented products, developmental toxins such as toluene were found. Four out of 39 products have the potential to cause significant long-term medical consequences. This data pertains to certified products; the findings would likely be much worse for uncertified cosmetic products.
Among the toxic substances identified were dangerous components such as parabens, which can disrupt hormonal balance, and preservatives that release formaldehyde, known for its carcinogenic effects. Furthermore, the study revealed the presence of lead, a neurotoxin, and cadmium, a hormonal disruptor, in face paints. Developmental toxins like toluene and potential carcinogens such as ethylbenzene and vinyl acetate were also found in scented products.
It is important to highlight that the presence of such toxic chemicals is not limited to children's cosmetics but also extends to other household products. Unfortunately, consumers often remain uninformed about the actual composition of the products they purchase, making it difficult to protect children from harmful exposure. Therefore, it is crucial to provide parents with the ability to buy safe products for their children (Natural Home, 2023).
Sadly, statistics show a significant number of consumer complaints about side effects from using cosmetic products, which manifest in various forms. Research conducted by Farah & Farah (2019) underscores the diversity and prevalence of these issues.
Moreover, it has been found that cosmetic products often contain heavy metals as contaminants, including arsenic, lead, and cadmium, which can also have a significant harmful impact on health (Science in the News).
Particularly concerning are the side effects of cosmetic products for children and infants. Despite being marketed as safe and gentle, these products can cause rashes, severe itching, and hives in children. This highlights the necessity for stringent control and research into the composition of children's cosmetics (Farah & Farah, 2019).
Physical impacts of procedures
Family consequences of using low-quality cosmetic products and procedures. The use of low-quality cosmetic products and procedures can lead to significant physical and psychological effects, including facial deformities, chronic pain, and even loss of employability. These outcomes can cause considerable stress and conflicts within families, increasing the risk of family breakdowns.
Hair loss. Companies producing hair care products often employ marketing tactics and catchy slogans to attract consumer attention, claiming that their products are natural, organic, or nourishing. However, even those cosmetic companies that promise high standards of quality and safety do not always meet consumer expectations. One of the most common side effects associated with these products is hair loss. According to research, 61.4% of reports on hair care products included complaints about hair loss.
Skin redness. Skin redness is another frequent side effect reported by consumers, particularly associated with hair removal products, which often contain harsh chemical components. According to reports, 16.8% of users experienced skin redness after using such products.
Rashes from body lotions. Body lotions, intended to moisturize and care for the skin, can also cause unwanted reactions. Data shows that 33.8% of consumers reported rashes after using body lotions, indicating the possible presence of allergenic components or substandard ingredients in these products.
Pain from nail care products. Nail care products, such as polishes, gels, and other items, can also cause side effects. Specifically, 28.2% of users reported pain after using these products. This may be due to the aggressive chemical substances in these products or reactions to certain components.
Botox and botulism. Generally, Botox treatments for cosmetic purposes are considered safe and straightforward. Botox procedures are very quick, usually taking less than 20 minutes, with minimal recovery time, allowing most people to resume their normal activities immediately afterward (Coté et al., 2005). However, previously mentioned side effects of Botox include drooping eyelids, eyebrow asymmetry, crooked smile, dry eyes, or excessive tearing. Although very unlikely, there is a possibility of the botulinum toxin spreading to other parts of the body, potentially causing symptoms similar to botulism (Coté et al., 2005).
In November 2006, Chertow and colleagues published a series of cases involving 4 patients with symptoms similar to natural botulism. On November 27, 2004, there were reports of 4 suspected cases of botulism related to cosmetic botulinum toxin injections. In all cases, the patients had received high-concentration, unregistered preparations of botulinum toxin type A, possibly at doses exceeding the human lethal dose by up to 2,857 times (Daniel et al., 2006).
Harmful composition of cosmetic products for the whole family
It is crucial to pay attention to the ingredients of cosmetic products and choose items from manufacturers who adhere to high-quality standards. Using quality cosmetics can reduce health risks and help avoid negative social and psychological consequences for families.
Some metal-based pigments used as dyes in face paints may contain toxic elements, such as heavy metals, raising concerns about their safety (Borowska & Brzóska, 2019). The use of these products can lead to various levels of exposure, including skin contact and accidental ingestion.
The presence of toxic elements is well-documented in traditional cosmetic products like lipsticks, eye shadows, and skin creams (Tsatalis et al., 2017). Despite this, there is still some uncertainty about acceptable usage levels for these products. Moreover, exposure scenarios are difficult to assess as they can vary depending on the cultural habits of each country. Wang et al. (2020) found a high likelihood of cancer development due to lifetime exposure to elevated levels of heavy metals in face paints used by Chinese actors. Perez et al. (2017) reported that costume makeup contains As, Co, Ni, Pb, and Sb, which can exceed recommended values under professional exposure but do not pose a risk for occasional users in the studied usage scenarios.
In 2009, the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics in the USA found that all commercial face paints tested contained lead, and 60% contained known skin allergens, such as nickel, cobalt, and/or chromium, at levels exceeding recommendations (Wang et al., 2020).
The most threatening aspect for families is the high potential for cancer, a disease that can affect any family member. Studies have shown that the skin, as the largest organ of the human body, forms a protective barrier that shields the body from microorganisms and physical and chemical agents (Chambers & Vukmanovic-Stejic, 2020). However, it can also allow substances to penetrate the body, influencing physiological processes and causing adverse, including toxic, effects. Lipophilic molecules without an electrical charge and with a molecular mass under 500 Da can passively penetrate the skin, and factors such as temperature or skin occlusion can enhance and facilitate the absorption of substances used in cosmetics. Given the prolonged contact of the skin with cosmetic products over many hours, there is a risk of transdermal absorption of certain substances and their accumulation in the body. Particularly dangerous are factors that contribute to the development of cancer, one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries (Meng et al., 2012).
Due to the sharp rise in cancer incidence and mortality, knowledge about carcinogens is the subject of many studies and publications. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 30% of cancer cases could be prevented through proper prevention, which includes limiting exposure to potentially oncogenic agents (Yosipovitch, 2019).
Despite significant progress in toxicology, the presence of compounds with potentially harmful properties in commercially available products cannot be entirely ruled out (Boer et al., 2016). Ingredients with potential carcinogenic properties pose a particular danger (Magnano et al., 2021).
Statistical information on health issues from the use of beauty salon products and services
Consumers not only report adverse reactions to cosmetic products but, in some cases, they also experience serious consequences. In 2016, there was a sharp increase in the number of medical consultations due to side effects from cosmetic products. More than 2,300 people reported visiting a doctor that year, compared to just 57 in 2010. Each year after that saw a steady increase, except for 2017, when there was a decline to 954 cases.
This article explores the impact of illegal employment and unlicensed products in the beauty industry on family relationships. The study aims to examine the social and medical consequences of operating beauty salons without proper licensing for both clients and their families. The research employed general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and statistical modeling. The findings indicate that illegal employment in beauty salons is widespread in the United States, leading to a decline in service quality and significant health risks for clients. Many beauty salons hire undocumented workers, often migrants, who lack the necessary documentation, making them vulnerable to exploitation. These workers are deprived of social security and protection, exposing them to exploitative and hazardous working conditions, which adversely affects their health and well-being and, by extension, their families. The beauty industry frequently attracts clients with reduced prices made possible by illegal labor. However, consumers are often unaware of the health risks associated with using such services and products. Cosmetic products may contain harmful chemicals, posing particular dangers to children. Additionally, the use of non-certified products can lead to allergic reactions, hair loss, skin redness, and other undesirable side effects. Improperly performed cosmetic procedures can have significant physical and psychological repercussions, negatively affecting family dynamics. Failed procedures can cause facial deformities, chronic pain, and loss of employability, increasing the risk of family conflicts and stress. The use of invasive procedures, such as Botox, without proper oversight, can result in serious complications, including symptoms similar to botulism. The practical significance of this research lies in raising consumer awareness about the risks associated with services and products linked to illegal labor in the beauty industry and in developing policies to protect the rights of both workers and clients.
Keywords: illegal labor, beauty industry, exploitation, health, family relationships.
Problem statement
In the modern world, where appearance often takes precedence over other personal attributes, the beauty industry is experiencing rapid growth. This sector is one of the most profitable but also one of the most vulnerable to abuse, especially in the use of illegal labor. In the United States, beauty salons have become a hotspot for various violations, including illegal employment, leading to serious social and economic consequences.
Illegal employment in beauty salons frequently involves migrants who, in search of a better life, find themselves in extremely vulnerable situations. These workers accept low wages and long working hours without adequate social protection, which ultimately undermines labor standards and fosters exploitation. The problem is exacerbated by a lack of proper regulation and oversight, allowing employers to evade responsibility for violating labor laws.
On the other hand, the practice of using illegal labor helps reduce service costs, which is appealing to consumers. However, this also results in lower service quality and increased health risks for clients, who may encounter unprofessional procedures and the use of substandard or even dangerous cosmetic products.
These challenges lead to not only economic but also profound family consequences. The use of low-quality cosmetic products can cause allergies and skin diseases, and in severe cases, chronic illnesses or even cancer, necessitating additional expenses for treatment and rehabilitation. Such issues disrupt family life, raising stress levels and even causing family conflicts.
Thus, illegal employment and the use of unlicensed products in beauty salons represent a serious socio-economic and familial problem that requires state attention. Necessary interventions should include strengthening the legislative framework, increasing oversight of salon operations, and providing education and social protection for the most vulnerable categories of workers.
Analysis of recent scientific research and publications
The issue of the impact of unauthorized cosmetic activities on family dynamics is not well-covered in the literature. Numerous studies address two key aspects of this problem: the harm caused by the use of unsafe cosmetic products and the negative consequences of illegal employment in the beauty industry.
Research focusing on the harm from using harmful cosmetic products highlights the health risks associated with unregulated products. Boer et al. (2016) analyze how the improper use of cosmetics can damage the skin barrier, leading to serious dermatological issues. Borowska and Brzóska (2015) and Marinovich et al. (2014) focus on the toxic effects of metals in cosmetics, emphasizing the health hazards posed by these components. Tsatalis et al. (2017) explore the history of toxic ingredient usage in cosmetics and underscore the need for stricter regulation in this field.
Other researchers, such as Perez et al. (2017) and Wang et al. (2020), examine the risks for children and adults using cosmetic products with high levels of metals and metalloids. These works highlight the importance of strict quality control over cosmetic products.
Regarding the negative consequences of illegal employment in the beauty industry, Acumen America (2023) and the National Hair & Beauty Federation (2023) shed light on the unfair working conditions and dangers faced by workers in this sector. Farah&Farah (2019) discuss common injuries related to the use of cosmetic products and procedures, while Starpil Wax (2022) draws attention to the issue of human trafficking in this industry.
These studies demonstrate that poor-quality cosmetic products and illegal employment in the beauty industry can have serious repercussions for individuals and their families. Moreover, expert publications in contemporary online outlets like "Natural Home" (2023) and "Personal Care Insights" (2023) underscore the relevance of these issues and the need for stricter regulations to protect consumers and workers. Despite a substantial amount of literature on this topic, there is a noticeable lack of a systematic approach to its study. Therefore, various scientific methods have been employed to analyze, group, and systematize information to better understand the impact of unauthorized cosmetic activities on family dynamics.
The aim of the study is to highlight the state of negative employment practices and the use of low-quality and unregistered medical products in the industry and their impact on family dynamics.
Results
The issue of informal employment in beauty salons
In the beauty salons of the United States, the widespread issue of illegal employment often accompanies problems with the quality of beauty services and, notably, negative health impacts for clients. According to the National Hair & Beauty Federation (NHBF), many salons face legal and ethical challenges due to the use of illegal labor. This phenomenon is prevalent across various types of salons, where workers may be employed without the proper documentation that permits legal employment (NHBF, 2023).
Beauty salons frequently hire workers who are migrants without proper documentation, making them particularly vulnerable to exploitation. These workers typically accept low wages and long working hours because they often have no other means to earn an income. According to Starpil Wax (2022), in many cases, such workers may be victims of human trafficking, forced to work under conditions that do not meet labor law standards. One aspect of this problem is the risk of children being drawn into illegal employment. It is estimated that by 2025, around 140 million children worldwide may be at risk of forced labor, potentially including work in beauty salons and other sectors of the personal care industry. This situation requires urgent intervention to ensure the protection of children's labor rights and to prevent their exploitation (Personal Care Insights, 2023).
Economic factors also play a crucial role in sustaining the system of illegal employment. Beauty salon owners often seek to reduce costs by hiring illegal workers willing to work for lower wages and under conditions that violate labor laws. This creates unfair competition for businesses that comply with the law and encourages the continued spread of illegal labor (Acumen America, 2023).
Illegal workers in beauty salons are often deprived of access to social guarantees and protection, making them susceptible to exploitation. The lack of proper oversight of working conditions results in these workers facing forced overtime, low pay, and hazardous working environments. This also negatively affects their health and well-being (Starpil Wax, 2023).
The use of illegal workers in beauty salons is a significant factor that allows for offering services at reduced prices. This approach attracts a large portion of clients looking for economically favorable options. In an economic climate where competition for customers is high, the ability to lower costs is crucial for many businesses in this sector.
Each year, the consumption of cosmetic products increases globally. However, consumers may not be fully aware of the health risks associated with using these products and services (Marinovich et al., 2014). Concerns about product composition have risen, increasing pressure on the cosmetic industry.
Negative impact of services and products in the beauty sector on family dynamics
Threats from children's cosmetics
Research indicates serious health threats associated with the use of substandard cosmetic products, particularly among children. Studies show that many cosmetic products contain high levels of harmful chemicals, such as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), which can be toxic even in very low doses. Special attention should be given to facial products, lip products, and mascara, which have been found to contain significant levels of fluorine, a marker for PFAS.
The statistics on the use of beauty products for children are especially alarming (Natural Home, 2023). In 20% of the analyzed products, ingredients were found that can lead to the formation of volatile organic compounds. Laboratory tests detected lead and cadmium in 10% of face paints. In 5% of scented products, developmental toxins such as toluene were found. Four out of 39 products have the potential to cause significant long-term medical consequences. This data pertains to certified products; the findings would likely be much worse for uncertified cosmetic products.
Among the toxic substances identified were dangerous components such as parabens, which can disrupt hormonal balance, and preservatives that release formaldehyde, known for its carcinogenic effects. Furthermore, the study revealed the presence of lead, a neurotoxin, and cadmium, a hormonal disruptor, in face paints. Developmental toxins like toluene and potential carcinogens such as ethylbenzene and vinyl acetate were also found in scented products.
It is important to highlight that the presence of such toxic chemicals is not limited to children's cosmetics but also extends to other household products. Unfortunately, consumers often remain uninformed about the actual composition of the products they purchase, making it difficult to protect children from harmful exposure. Therefore, it is crucial to provide parents with the ability to buy safe products for their children (Natural Home, 2023).
Sadly, statistics show a significant number of consumer complaints about side effects from using cosmetic products, which manifest in various forms. Research conducted by Farah & Farah (2019) underscores the diversity and prevalence of these issues.
Moreover, it has been found that cosmetic products often contain heavy metals as contaminants, including arsenic, lead, and cadmium, which can also have a significant harmful impact on health (Science in the News).
Particularly concerning are the side effects of cosmetic products for children and infants. Despite being marketed as safe and gentle, these products can cause rashes, severe itching, and hives in children. This highlights the necessity for stringent control and research into the composition of children's cosmetics (Farah & Farah, 2019).
Physical impacts of procedures
Family consequences of using low-quality cosmetic products and procedures. The use of low-quality cosmetic products and procedures can lead to significant physical and psychological effects, including facial deformities, chronic pain, and even loss of employability. These outcomes can cause considerable stress and conflicts within families, increasing the risk of family breakdowns.
Hair loss. Companies producing hair care products often employ marketing tactics and catchy slogans to attract consumer attention, claiming that their products are natural, organic, or nourishing. However, even those cosmetic companies that promise high standards of quality and safety do not always meet consumer expectations. One of the most common side effects associated with these products is hair loss. According to research, 61.4% of reports on hair care products included complaints about hair loss.
Skin redness. Skin redness is another frequent side effect reported by consumers, particularly associated with hair removal products, which often contain harsh chemical components. According to reports, 16.8% of users experienced skin redness after using such products.
Rashes from body lotions. Body lotions, intended to moisturize and care for the skin, can also cause unwanted reactions. Data shows that 33.8% of consumers reported rashes after using body lotions, indicating the possible presence of allergenic components or substandard ingredients in these products.
Pain from nail care products. Nail care products, such as polishes, gels, and other items, can also cause side effects. Specifically, 28.2% of users reported pain after using these products. This may be due to the aggressive chemical substances in these products or reactions to certain components.
Botox and botulism. Generally, Botox treatments for cosmetic purposes are considered safe and straightforward. Botox procedures are very quick, usually taking less than 20 minutes, with minimal recovery time, allowing most people to resume their normal activities immediately afterward (Coté et al., 2005). However, previously mentioned side effects of Botox include drooping eyelids, eyebrow asymmetry, crooked smile, dry eyes, or excessive tearing. Although very unlikely, there is a possibility of the botulinum toxin spreading to other parts of the body, potentially causing symptoms similar to botulism (Coté et al., 2005).
In November 2006, Chertow and colleagues published a series of cases involving 4 patients with symptoms similar to natural botulism. On November 27, 2004, there were reports of 4 suspected cases of botulism related to cosmetic botulinum toxin injections. In all cases, the patients had received high-concentration, unregistered preparations of botulinum toxin type A, possibly at doses exceeding the human lethal dose by up to 2,857 times (Daniel et al., 2006).
Harmful composition of cosmetic products for the whole family
It is crucial to pay attention to the ingredients of cosmetic products and choose items from manufacturers who adhere to high-quality standards. Using quality cosmetics can reduce health risks and help avoid negative social and psychological consequences for families.
Some metal-based pigments used as dyes in face paints may contain toxic elements, such as heavy metals, raising concerns about their safety (Borowska & Brzóska, 2019). The use of these products can lead to various levels of exposure, including skin contact and accidental ingestion.
The presence of toxic elements is well-documented in traditional cosmetic products like lipsticks, eye shadows, and skin creams (Tsatalis et al., 2017). Despite this, there is still some uncertainty about acceptable usage levels for these products. Moreover, exposure scenarios are difficult to assess as they can vary depending on the cultural habits of each country. Wang et al. (2020) found a high likelihood of cancer development due to lifetime exposure to elevated levels of heavy metals in face paints used by Chinese actors. Perez et al. (2017) reported that costume makeup contains As, Co, Ni, Pb, and Sb, which can exceed recommended values under professional exposure but do not pose a risk for occasional users in the studied usage scenarios.
In 2009, the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics in the USA found that all commercial face paints tested contained lead, and 60% contained known skin allergens, such as nickel, cobalt, and/or chromium, at levels exceeding recommendations (Wang et al., 2020).
The most threatening aspect for families is the high potential for cancer, a disease that can affect any family member. Studies have shown that the skin, as the largest organ of the human body, forms a protective barrier that shields the body from microorganisms and physical and chemical agents (Chambers & Vukmanovic-Stejic, 2020). However, it can also allow substances to penetrate the body, influencing physiological processes and causing adverse, including toxic, effects. Lipophilic molecules without an electrical charge and with a molecular mass under 500 Da can passively penetrate the skin, and factors such as temperature or skin occlusion can enhance and facilitate the absorption of substances used in cosmetics. Given the prolonged contact of the skin with cosmetic products over many hours, there is a risk of transdermal absorption of certain substances and their accumulation in the body. Particularly dangerous are factors that contribute to the development of cancer, one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries (Meng et al., 2012).
Due to the sharp rise in cancer incidence and mortality, knowledge about carcinogens is the subject of many studies and publications. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 30% of cancer cases could be prevented through proper prevention, which includes limiting exposure to potentially oncogenic agents (Yosipovitch, 2019).
Despite significant progress in toxicology, the presence of compounds with potentially harmful properties in commercially available products cannot be entirely ruled out (Boer et al., 2016). Ingredients with potential carcinogenic properties pose a particular danger (Magnano et al., 2021).
Statistical information on health issues from the use of beauty salon products and services
Consumers not only report adverse reactions to cosmetic products but, in some cases, they also experience serious consequences. In 2016, there was a sharp increase in the number of medical consultations due to side effects from cosmetic products. More than 2,300 people reported visiting a doctor that year, compared to just 57 in 2010. Each year after that saw a steady increase, except for 2017, when there was a decline to 954 cases.
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THE COST OF BEAUTY
THE COST OF BEAUTY
Kristina Gasenko
Masters in Applied and Theoretical Linguistics Owner, General Consultant, Kristina Gasenko Consulting LLC
12828 Willow Centre Dr Ste D#373 Houston, TX 77066
Masters in Applied and Theoretical Linguistics Owner, General Consultant, Kristina Gasenko Consulting LLC
12828 Willow Centre Dr Ste D#373 Houston, TX 77066
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Projected data for 2025 suggests that, given the trend up to 2019, the expected number of medical consultations could exceed 4,000, creating new challenges for the country's healthcare system. Migration flows to the USA from developing countries continue to be a significant phenomenon in the global context. Economic and social conditions in many countries motivate a large portion of the population, especially women, to seek better opportunities for living and working in the United States. One of the popular employment sectors for migrant women is the service industry, particularly beauty salons and small private establishments. These jobs often attract women due to relatively low entry barriers and the possibility of working flexible hours. However, a significant portion of these workers are forced to accept work at nominal prices, which can mean low pay and a lack of social protections.
Employment in the informal sector, especially in cosmetic and private services, poses substantial health and safety risks for both workers and clients. The use of uncertified or substandard cosmetic products can lead to serious medical complications. The lack of adequate state oversight and regulation creates conditions where unscrupulous entrepreneurs can ignore safety and hygiene standards.
The state must play an active role in regulating this sector to protect the rights and health of both workers and consumers. Firstly, attention should be focused on creating conditions for the legal employment of migrants. This includes not only support through education and training but also ensuring access to social protections and legal assistance.
The second important task for the government is to regulate the quality of cosmetic services and products. Implementing safety and hygiene standards, as well as ensuring compliance with these standards, are crucial elements in reducing health risks.
Conclusions
Illegal employment in beauty salons, especially among migrants, is a significant issue in the USA, with serious consequences for the quality of services provided and the health of both workers and clients. The illegal use of labor is often accompanied by exploitation, low pay, and deplorable working conditions that do not meet labor law standards. This creates a highly competitive market environment where legally operating businesses struggle against the unfair practices of their competitors.
Economic motives of salon owners often lead to the use of illegal labor, which allows for cost reductions and the provision of services at lower prices. To make beauty services even more accessible, salon owners cut corners on materials, using uncertified and potentially dangerous cosmetic products. This can result in serious medical complications, such as allergic reactions, hair loss, and even cancer. The risks associated with toxic elements in cosmetic products commonly used in salons particularly highlight the need for strict quality control of cosmetic products and services.
To improve the situation in the beauty industry, actions must be taken on several levels. Firstly, the state should strengthen the regulation of working conditions and ensure compliance with labor laws to prevent worker exploitation. This includes creating conditions for the legal employment of migrants, which involves access to education, training, and social protections. Secondly, it is crucial to introduce safety standards for cosmetic products and services to protect consumers from potential harmful effects. Finally, raising consumer awareness about the possible risks of using uncertified products will encourage more informed choices and support responsible businesses.
References
Employment in the informal sector, especially in cosmetic and private services, poses substantial health and safety risks for both workers and clients. The use of uncertified or substandard cosmetic products can lead to serious medical complications. The lack of adequate state oversight and regulation creates conditions where unscrupulous entrepreneurs can ignore safety and hygiene standards.
The state must play an active role in regulating this sector to protect the rights and health of both workers and consumers. Firstly, attention should be focused on creating conditions for the legal employment of migrants. This includes not only support through education and training but also ensuring access to social protections and legal assistance.
The second important task for the government is to regulate the quality of cosmetic services and products. Implementing safety and hygiene standards, as well as ensuring compliance with these standards, are crucial elements in reducing health risks.
Conclusions
Illegal employment in beauty salons, especially among migrants, is a significant issue in the USA, with serious consequences for the quality of services provided and the health of both workers and clients. The illegal use of labor is often accompanied by exploitation, low pay, and deplorable working conditions that do not meet labor law standards. This creates a highly competitive market environment where legally operating businesses struggle against the unfair practices of their competitors.
Economic motives of salon owners often lead to the use of illegal labor, which allows for cost reductions and the provision of services at lower prices. To make beauty services even more accessible, salon owners cut corners on materials, using uncertified and potentially dangerous cosmetic products. This can result in serious medical complications, such as allergic reactions, hair loss, and even cancer. The risks associated with toxic elements in cosmetic products commonly used in salons particularly highlight the need for strict quality control of cosmetic products and services.
To improve the situation in the beauty industry, actions must be taken on several levels. Firstly, the state should strengthen the regulation of working conditions and ensure compliance with labor laws to prevent worker exploitation. This includes creating conditions for the legal employment of migrants, which involves access to education, training, and social protections. Secondly, it is crucial to introduce safety standards for cosmetic products and services to protect consumers from potential harmful effects. Finally, raising consumer awareness about the possible risks of using uncertified products will encourage more informed choices and support responsible businesses.
References
- Boer, M., Duchnik, E., Maleszka, R., & Marchlewicz, M. (2016). Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 33, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2015.48037
- Borowska, S., & Brzóska, M. M. (2015). Metals in cosmetics: Implications for human health. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 35, 551–572. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3129
- Chambers, E. S., & Vukmanovic-Stejic, M. (2020). Skin barrier immunity and ageing. Immunology, 160, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13152
- Farah&Farah. (2019). Common Beauty Product Injuries. URL: https://farahandfarah.com/resources/common-beauty-product-injuries/
- Magnano, G. C., Rui, F., & Larese Filon, F. (2021). Skin decontamination procedures against potential hazards substances exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 344, 109481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109481
- Marinovich, M., Boraso, M. S., Testai, E., & Galli, C. L. (2014). Metals in cosmetics: An a posteriori safety evaluation. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 69, 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.005
- Meng, X., Zhong, J., Liu, S., Murray, M., & Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M. (2012). A new hypothesis for the cancer mechanism. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 31, 247–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9342-8
- Natural Home. (2023). New Shocking Report: The Scary Truth About Toxins Found In Kids Makeup Products. URL: https://www.thefutonshop.com/blog/kids-makeup-products
- Perez, A. L., Nembhard, M., Monnot, A., Bator, D., Madonick, E., & Gaffney, S. H. (2017). Child and adult exposure and health risk evaluation following the use of metal- and metalloid-containing costume cosmetics sold in the United States. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 84, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.005
- Tsatalis, J. P., Aldahan, A. S., Hsu, V. M., Tsatalis, A. E., Brah, T. K., & Nouri, K. (2017). Narcissus’ reflection: Toxic ingredients in cosmetics through the ages. International Journal of Dermatology, 56, 239–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13477
- Wang, B., Su, Y., Tian, L., Peng, S., & Ji, R. (2020). Heavy metals in face paints: Assessment of the health risks to Chinese opera actors. Science of the Total Environment, 724, 138163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138163
- Yosipovitch, G., Misery, L., Proksch, E., Metz, M., Ständer, S., & Schmelz, M. (2019). Skin barrier damage and itch: Review of mechanisms, topical management and future directions. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 99, 1201–1209. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3296
- Coté, T.R., Mohan, A.K., Polder, J.A., Walton, M.K. and Braun, M.M. (2005) Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections: Adverse Events Reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in Therapeutic and Cosmetic Cases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 53, 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.011
- Daniel, S.C., Esther, T.T. and Susan, E. (2006) Botulism in 4 Adults Following Cosmetic Injections with an Unlicensed, Highly Concentrated Botulinum Preparation. JAMA, 296, 2476-2479. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.20.2476
- Acumen America. (2023). The beauty industry isn’t fair to workers. We’re trying to fix that. Retrieved from https://www.acumenamerica.org/where-to-next/the-beauty-industry-isnt-fair-to-workers-were-trying-to-fix-that
- National Hair & Beauty Federation. (2023). New penalties for employing illegal workers mean salons must be compliant. Retrieved from https://www.nhbf.co.uk/news/new-penalties-for-employing-illegal-workers-mean-salons-must-be/
- Personal Care Insights. (2023). Beauty's ugly side: 140 million children face child labor risk in 2025. Retrieved from https://www.personalcareinsights.com/news/beautys-ugly-side-i-140-million-children-face-child-labour-risk-in-2025.html
- Starpil Wax. (2022). Human trafficking in the beauty industry. Retrieved from https://www.starpilwax.com/blogs/news/human-trafficking-in-the-beauty-industry
Analysis of recent scientific research and publications.
The issue of transforming the beauty industry in the USA through artificial intelligence (AI) is
well explored in the scientific literature. Significant contributions to this topic have been made by authors such as P. Ahluwalia and H. Kaur [1], who demonstrated the effectiveness of influencer marketing in the Indian beauty and wellness industry, which can be compared to similar processes in the USA. Additionally, Androic [2] examines the prospects of AI in the beauty industry, highlighting global trends in the adoption of advanced technologies in this field. Analytical reports also make a substantial contribution, such as the InsightAceAnalytics report [3], which provides an in depth analysis of the AI market in the beauty and cosmetics industry, including segmentation by products and regions. Furthermore, Golden Arrow [4] explores the impact of technologies and AI
on retail in the beauty industry, emphasizing changes in consumer preferences and business models. In his study, Halai [5] underscores how AI is revolutionizing the beauty industry, particularly through innovative skincare methods and personalized recommendations. This trend is also confirmed by the McKinsey report [7], which analyzes the current state of the beauty market, considering the impact of AI on consumer trends and business strategies. Another important aspect is the historical context of the beauty industry's development. For instance, Jones [6] examines the globalization of beauty standards since the mid-20th century, providing a better understanding of the contemporary changes brought about by technology. Thomas [9] investigates the history of using skin-lightening products, highlighting the long-standing sociocultural aspects of the beauty industry. The study also utilized expert literature, including publications in modern online editions such as Cubix [5], Arbelle [2], Golden Arrow [4], InsightAce Analytics [3], and McKinsey [7], which illuminate contemporary aspects of the topic. Despite the sufficient amount of literature on this subject, there is a lack of systematized material on the research topic. Therefore, using various scientific methods of cognition, the information was analyzed, grouped, and systematized to present it in the light of the research topic.
The aim of the article is to show the directions of AI usage in the development of the US beauty industry. The main tasks to achieve this goal are: to
study the beauty market in the USA; to show the market composition; to identify development trends; to show the directions of AI usage for the development of beauty industry companies; to highlight the threats companies may face when using artificial intelligence.
Results.
The global beauty market is characterized by high dynamics and a significant diversity of products, including skincare, decorative cosmetics, perfumes, and hair care products. Innovations and technological advancements play a crucial role in shaping trends and product development. Notably, t here is a growing demand for natural and organic ingredients, reflecting a shift in consumer priorities towards health and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, digitalization and the rise of e-commerce facilitate easy access for consumers to a wide range of products, stimulating competition and compelling companies to continuously improve their offerings. The industry’s average growth rate ranges from 5% to 10% annually, largely driven by the intensity of new technology implementation [7]. The global beauty market continues to attract new companies and investors despite increasing competition.
The beauty industry, which generated approximately $430 billion in 2022, shows a steady growth trend and is forecasted to reach $580 billion by 2027. The annual market growth rate will be around 6%, which is higher than or equal to other consumer segments such as apparel, footwear, pet care, and food products. The beauty market comprises four main categories: skincare, makeup, hair care, and fragrances. Each of these categories demonstrates stable growth, which is expected to continue in the future, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
The issue of transforming the beauty industry in the USA through artificial intelligence (AI) is
well explored in the scientific literature. Significant contributions to this topic have been made by authors such as P. Ahluwalia and H. Kaur [1], who demonstrated the effectiveness of influencer marketing in the Indian beauty and wellness industry, which can be compared to similar processes in the USA. Additionally, Androic [2] examines the prospects of AI in the beauty industry, highlighting global trends in the adoption of advanced technologies in this field. Analytical reports also make a substantial contribution, such as the InsightAceAnalytics report [3], which provides an in depth analysis of the AI market in the beauty and cosmetics industry, including segmentation by products and regions. Furthermore, Golden Arrow [4] explores the impact of technologies and AI
on retail in the beauty industry, emphasizing changes in consumer preferences and business models. In his study, Halai [5] underscores how AI is revolutionizing the beauty industry, particularly through innovative skincare methods and personalized recommendations. This trend is also confirmed by the McKinsey report [7], which analyzes the current state of the beauty market, considering the impact of AI on consumer trends and business strategies. Another important aspect is the historical context of the beauty industry's development. For instance, Jones [6] examines the globalization of beauty standards since the mid-20th century, providing a better understanding of the contemporary changes brought about by technology. Thomas [9] investigates the history of using skin-lightening products, highlighting the long-standing sociocultural aspects of the beauty industry. The study also utilized expert literature, including publications in modern online editions such as Cubix [5], Arbelle [2], Golden Arrow [4], InsightAce Analytics [3], and McKinsey [7], which illuminate contemporary aspects of the topic. Despite the sufficient amount of literature on this subject, there is a lack of systematized material on the research topic. Therefore, using various scientific methods of cognition, the information was analyzed, grouped, and systematized to present it in the light of the research topic.
The aim of the article is to show the directions of AI usage in the development of the US beauty industry. The main tasks to achieve this goal are: to
study the beauty market in the USA; to show the market composition; to identify development trends; to show the directions of AI usage for the development of beauty industry companies; to highlight the threats companies may face when using artificial intelligence.
Results.
The global beauty market is characterized by high dynamics and a significant diversity of products, including skincare, decorative cosmetics, perfumes, and hair care products. Innovations and technological advancements play a crucial role in shaping trends and product development. Notably, t here is a growing demand for natural and organic ingredients, reflecting a shift in consumer priorities towards health and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, digitalization and the rise of e-commerce facilitate easy access for consumers to a wide range of products, stimulating competition and compelling companies to continuously improve their offerings. The industry’s average growth rate ranges from 5% to 10% annually, largely driven by the intensity of new technology implementation [7]. The global beauty market continues to attract new companies and investors despite increasing competition.
The beauty industry, which generated approximately $430 billion in 2022, shows a steady growth trend and is forecasted to reach $580 billion by 2027. The annual market growth rate will be around 6%, which is higher than or equal to other consumer segments such as apparel, footwear, pet care, and food products. The beauty market comprises four main categories: skincare, makeup, hair care, and fragrances. Each of these categories demonstrates stable growth, which is expected to continue in the future, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
Beauty market trends vary by region. The largest markets are China and North America, where significant growth is expected. However, other regions, such as the Middle East and India, also show high growth potential, offering opportunities for brands willing to adapt their strategies to local markets.
The US market continues to demonstrate significant growth despite the challenging macroeconomic situation. In 2019, the volume of the US beauty market was $80 billion, and it is forecasted to reach $113 billion by 2027. This indicates steady market growth over recent years. The beauty market is influenced by several key factors. One of these is the redistribution of growth patterns, as the slowing growth rates in China and increased local competition contribute to the growing importance of the US market. Another important factor is the rising popularity of wellness products that combine beauty and health. This includes skincare and makeup products with probiotics, Ayurvedic ingredients, ingestible supplements, and beauty devices. Additionally, Generation Z significantly impacts the market, demanding transparency and product efficacy from brands, as well as support for values such as sustainability, diversity, and inclusion [2]. This generation actively researches product ingredients and benefits before purchasing, creating high demands on brands [7].
Jones [6] notes that despite the beauty industry’s need to consider ethnic and racial features and preferences since the mid -20th century, it has generall y promoted established images. Certain ideals, particularly those related to women, have achieved global prominence. Among these ideals are body deodorants, white natural teeth, a slim waist, light skin, and rounded eye shapes. Thus, the beauty industry has simplified and diminished the diversity policy that has become a slogan for many world democracies. The attractiveness of the white standard of appearance is so widely advertised and promoted that it is often associated with positive character traits such as kindness, empathy, and friendliness [9]. Social media and the influencers who populate them are primary drivers in the US beauty sector. According to Harvard Business School, two- thirds of cosmetic product buyers turn to influencers to discover new products. Moreover, one-third of consumers interact with brands on social media, and four out of five cosmetic buyers use Instagram daily. Despite controversies, lack of regulatory oversight, and a constantly changing landscape, the importance of this segment in the beauty industry cannot be underestimated [1]. Consider the beauty market trends that will influence consumer spending in the US this year:
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the development of the beauty market in the US is significant and multifaceted. According to data, the AI market size in beauty and cosmetics was $3.22 billion in 2022, and it is projected to reach $15.75 billion by 2031, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.6% during the forecast period of 2023- 2031 [3]. Companies such as L’Oréal, Estée Lauder, and Unilever are actively implementing innovative AI- based solutions to develop personalized and sustainable products. They use AI to create virtual try- ons, analyze skin, and develop new products, allowing them to stay at the forefront of innovation and meet consumer needs. The main directions of artificial intelligence application in the beauty industry can be broadly divided into two groups. The first is customer interaction, and the second is the improvement of business models. Let's consider the directions of AI usage in customer interactions.
Personalized product recommendations
AI enables brands to analyze users skin types, preferences, and purchase history to create individualized recommendations. Thanks to AI algorithms, the process of choosing cosmetics becomes simpler and more satisfying. Each consumer receives advice that best suits their needs, enhancing t rust in the brand and satisfaction with purchases [5]. Innovative startups like Skin Match and DCYPHER develop AI- based solutions that analyze customers' faces and recommend suitable shades of cosmetics, even creating makeup adapted to the exact skin tone of the customer. This not only improves the shopping experience but also positively affects customer satisfaction, loyalty, and ultimately company revenues [8]. For example, AI- generated recommendations can lead to increased sales and brand loyalty. Research by McKinsey & Company shows that 76% of consumers are more likely to make a purchase after receiving personalized recommendations, and 78% are willing to repurchase products and recommend your company to friends and family [2].
Virtual try-ons
Virtual try -ons using augmented reality (AR) and AI technologies allow users to test cosmetic products without physical contact. This significantly simplifies the process of selecting cosmetics by allowing consumers to see how a product will look on them. Such functionality boosts buyer confidence in their choices and enhances their loyalty to the brand [5]. Recent developments include Maybelline's release of an AI- supported plugin for use during video calls in
Microsoft Teams [8].
Skin analysis and personalized care programs
AI-powered applications enable users to scan their skin, diagnose issues such as acne or wrinkles, and create personalized care programs. This approach allows for more effective solutions to specific skin problems by providing individualized recommendations and improving skincare effectiveness [5]. For instance, Neutrogena's Skin360 web application uses image recognition and machine learning to analyze facial features, detect skin issues such as acne and dehydration, and recommend appropriate products or care routines [8].
Chatbots and customer service
AI -based chatbots and customer service platforms have improved the overall shopping experience in the beauty sector. Customers can now receive instant responses to product inquiries, get personalized skincare regimes, and even schedule appointments with beauty specialists. According to a Revieve study, 19% of consumers expressed interest in shopping via text messages, and over 57% of retailers have begun implementing self- service alternatives like chatbots. These chatbots are available 24/7, providing continuous support, which is especially useful for international customers in different time zones [4]. Let's consider the directions of AI usage for business development in the beauty sector.
Sustainable development in beauty
AI promotes environmental responsibility in the beauty industry by helping to predict demand and optimize supply chains. This reduces overproduction, minimizes inventory, and implements more efficient distribution methods, contributing to lower waste and a reduced environmental footprint [5].
New product development
AI is used to analyze ingredient data and consumer feedback, predicting successful formulas and accelerating the development of new cosmetic products. This ensures the creation of products that meet the ever-changing needs and preferences of consumers, enhancing their satisfaction and loyalty to the brand [5].
Development of sustainable products.
AI assists beauty companies in developing more sustainable products that meet the growing demand for responsibly created items. By analyzing ingredient data and product life cycles, AI can suggest environmentally friendly alternatives and reduce the ecological footprint of cosmetic and care products. Some companies, like Lush, also consider ethical aspects of technology and AI use, publishing digital ethics policies [8]. Utilizing advanced technologies . The use of generative AI for content creation and adapting recommendations based on user feedback and beauty trends is becoming increasingly common. 3D printing allows the creation of personalized cosmetic products, such as lipsticks or serums, specifically tailored to individual consumer needs. This provides a new level of personalization and customer satisfaction [5].
Inventory management and supply chain optimization
Behind the scenes, AI also plays a crucial role in inventory management and supply chain optimization. Retailers use AI algorithms to forecast product demand, reducing excess and shortages. CosmeticsDesign notes that by using zero- and third party data, self reports of preferences, as well as behavioral and psychographic data, retailers can create a picture of their customers to make informed decisions about inventory, product assortment, and merchandising, increasing revenue and customer retention. This ensures the availability of the right products in stores or for online shopping, enhancing customer satisfaction and boosting sales [4]. However, despite the prospects and advantages of AI in the beauty industry, challenges arise from the application of AI and the complete automation of customer service processes. One of the most critical issues is privacy. Many new solutions use facial images or scanning technology to create individual digital templates or profiles, which may require compliance with legal requirements for the collection, storage, and processing of biometric data. Biometric data are classified as sensitive personal data under the GDPR in the UK, so their collection and processing must be conducted with explicit customer consent [8]. Apart from the collection, storage, and processing of biometric data, the use of AI and AR in beauty increases the risk of data misuse and information leakage. Therefore, reliable data protection should be a top priority for companies implementing new technologies [8]. Companies in this field must consider whether the use of behavioral biometrics with algorithmic AI approaches the prediction of users' intentions and emotions, against which the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) warns. Examples of behavioral biometrics include eye- tracking and the analysis of movements or facial expressions [8]. In the EU, AI regulation progresses with the development of the AI Act, but the UK's approach to AI regulation takes a different path. According to the government's White Paper published in March 2023, beauty innovators should be aware of five principles that will underpin future regulation in this area:
Conclusions.
Modern beauty salons are actively incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into their operations, leading to significant changes in customer service and business management. Examples include smart mirrors, virtual makeup try-on apps, and skin condition analysis, as well as on -demand services that allow for cosmetic procedures to be performed at any location and time. This ensures a new level of service and meets consumer needs. The main directions of AI usage in the beauty industry can be broadly divided into two categories: enhancing customer interaction and developing business models. In the first category, AI is used for personalized recommendations, virtual try -ons, skin analysis, and personalized care programs, as well as for customer service through chatbots. In terms of business development, AI promotes sustainable growth in the beauty sector, the development of new and sustainable products, the use of advanced technologies, inventory management, and supply chain optimization.
However, the use of AI in the beauty industry also comes with certain challenges, including the risk of confidential information leaks and the potential loss of clients due to excessive automation of business processes.
References:
1.Ahluwalia, P., & Kaur, H. (2020). Influencer marketing effectiveness in the Indian beauty and wellness industry: A case study of MyGlamm. International Journal of Scientific Research and Emerging Technologies, 7(3), 342-353.
2.Androic, I. (2023). The future of AI in beauty. Arbelle. URL:
https://arbelle.ai/ai-in-beauty/
3.Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Beauty and Cosmetics Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis
Report By Service/Product, By Application (Skincare, Haircare, Make-up, Fragrances, Others), ByRegion, And Segment Forecasts, 2023-2031. InsightAceAnalytics. URL:https://www.insightaceanalytic.com/report/global-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-beauty-and-cosmetics-market/1051
4.Golden Arrow. (2024). Revolutionizing beauty retail: The impact of technology and AI. URL:https://www.goldenarrow.com/blog/revolutionizing-beauty-retail-impact-technology-and-ai
5.Halai, M. (2024). How AI is revolutionizing the beauty industry. Cubix. URL:https://www.cubix.co/blog/how-ai-revolutionizing-beauty-industry/
6.Jones, G. (2008). Blonde and blue-eyed? Globalizing beauty, c.1945-c.1980. The EconomicHistory Review,No61 (1), pp. 125–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00388.x
7.McKinsey. (2023). The beauty market in 2023: A special State of Fashion report. URL:https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-beauty-market-in-2023-a-special-state-of-fashion-report
8.Mishcon de Reya LLP. (2023). The beauty of AI: Revolutionising the beauty industry.URL: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ef2c0f9b-3407-43e9-acce-02bfc52a3948
9.Thomas, L. (2020). Beneath the Surface: A Transnational History of SkinLighteners.Durham: Duke University Press, 352 https://doi.org/10.1515/9781478007050
10.Young, K. (2024). The US beauty market....What’s happening? In-Cosmetics. URL:https://connect.in-cosmetics.com/news-region/the-us-beauty-market-whats-happening/
Jones [6] notes that despite the beauty industry’s need to consider ethnic and racial features and preferences since the mid -20th century, it has generall y promoted established images. Certain ideals, particularly those related to women, have achieved global prominence. Among these ideals are body deodorants, white natural teeth, a slim waist, light skin, and rounded eye shapes. Thus, the beauty industry has simplified and diminished the diversity policy that has become a slogan for many world democracies. The attractiveness of the white standard of appearance is so widely advertised and promoted that it is often associated with positive character traits such as kindness, empathy, and friendliness [9]. Social media and the influencers who populate them are primary drivers in the US beauty sector. According to Harvard Business School, two- thirds of cosmetic product buyers turn to influencers to discover new products. Moreover, one-third of consumers interact with brands on social media, and four out of five cosmetic buyers use Instagram daily. Despite controversies, lack of regulatory oversight, and a constantly changing landscape, the importance of this segment in the beauty industry cannot be underestimated [1]. Consider the beauty market trends that will influence consumer spending in the US this year:
- Sustainability: the focus on sustainability remains, but consumers are not willing to pay more for it, despite claims to the contrary.
- Efficacy over "cleanliness": science is critically important, and consumers recognize this, preferring product effectiveness.
- Premiumization: there is growth in premium products in every category. Despite economic concerns, beauty remains an affordable luxury and a means of short-term self satisfaction.
- Growth in specific categories: hair and scalp care, niche perfumes,
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the development of the beauty market in the US is significant and multifaceted. According to data, the AI market size in beauty and cosmetics was $3.22 billion in 2022, and it is projected to reach $15.75 billion by 2031, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.6% during the forecast period of 2023- 2031 [3]. Companies such as L’Oréal, Estée Lauder, and Unilever are actively implementing innovative AI- based solutions to develop personalized and sustainable products. They use AI to create virtual try- ons, analyze skin, and develop new products, allowing them to stay at the forefront of innovation and meet consumer needs. The main directions of artificial intelligence application in the beauty industry can be broadly divided into two groups. The first is customer interaction, and the second is the improvement of business models. Let's consider the directions of AI usage in customer interactions.
Personalized product recommendations
AI enables brands to analyze users skin types, preferences, and purchase history to create individualized recommendations. Thanks to AI algorithms, the process of choosing cosmetics becomes simpler and more satisfying. Each consumer receives advice that best suits their needs, enhancing t rust in the brand and satisfaction with purchases [5]. Innovative startups like Skin Match and DCYPHER develop AI- based solutions that analyze customers' faces and recommend suitable shades of cosmetics, even creating makeup adapted to the exact skin tone of the customer. This not only improves the shopping experience but also positively affects customer satisfaction, loyalty, and ultimately company revenues [8]. For example, AI- generated recommendations can lead to increased sales and brand loyalty. Research by McKinsey & Company shows that 76% of consumers are more likely to make a purchase after receiving personalized recommendations, and 78% are willing to repurchase products and recommend your company to friends and family [2].
Virtual try-ons
Virtual try -ons using augmented reality (AR) and AI technologies allow users to test cosmetic products without physical contact. This significantly simplifies the process of selecting cosmetics by allowing consumers to see how a product will look on them. Such functionality boosts buyer confidence in their choices and enhances their loyalty to the brand [5]. Recent developments include Maybelline's release of an AI- supported plugin for use during video calls in
Microsoft Teams [8].
Skin analysis and personalized care programs
AI-powered applications enable users to scan their skin, diagnose issues such as acne or wrinkles, and create personalized care programs. This approach allows for more effective solutions to specific skin problems by providing individualized recommendations and improving skincare effectiveness [5]. For instance, Neutrogena's Skin360 web application uses image recognition and machine learning to analyze facial features, detect skin issues such as acne and dehydration, and recommend appropriate products or care routines [8].
Chatbots and customer service
AI -based chatbots and customer service platforms have improved the overall shopping experience in the beauty sector. Customers can now receive instant responses to product inquiries, get personalized skincare regimes, and even schedule appointments with beauty specialists. According to a Revieve study, 19% of consumers expressed interest in shopping via text messages, and over 57% of retailers have begun implementing self- service alternatives like chatbots. These chatbots are available 24/7, providing continuous support, which is especially useful for international customers in different time zones [4]. Let's consider the directions of AI usage for business development in the beauty sector.
Sustainable development in beauty
AI promotes environmental responsibility in the beauty industry by helping to predict demand and optimize supply chains. This reduces overproduction, minimizes inventory, and implements more efficient distribution methods, contributing to lower waste and a reduced environmental footprint [5].
New product development
AI is used to analyze ingredient data and consumer feedback, predicting successful formulas and accelerating the development of new cosmetic products. This ensures the creation of products that meet the ever-changing needs and preferences of consumers, enhancing their satisfaction and loyalty to the brand [5].
Development of sustainable products.
AI assists beauty companies in developing more sustainable products that meet the growing demand for responsibly created items. By analyzing ingredient data and product life cycles, AI can suggest environmentally friendly alternatives and reduce the ecological footprint of cosmetic and care products. Some companies, like Lush, also consider ethical aspects of technology and AI use, publishing digital ethics policies [8]. Utilizing advanced technologies . The use of generative AI for content creation and adapting recommendations based on user feedback and beauty trends is becoming increasingly common. 3D printing allows the creation of personalized cosmetic products, such as lipsticks or serums, specifically tailored to individual consumer needs. This provides a new level of personalization and customer satisfaction [5].
Inventory management and supply chain optimization
Behind the scenes, AI also plays a crucial role in inventory management and supply chain optimization. Retailers use AI algorithms to forecast product demand, reducing excess and shortages. CosmeticsDesign notes that by using zero- and third party data, self reports of preferences, as well as behavioral and psychographic data, retailers can create a picture of their customers to make informed decisions about inventory, product assortment, and merchandising, increasing revenue and customer retention. This ensures the availability of the right products in stores or for online shopping, enhancing customer satisfaction and boosting sales [4]. However, despite the prospects and advantages of AI in the beauty industry, challenges arise from the application of AI and the complete automation of customer service processes. One of the most critical issues is privacy. Many new solutions use facial images or scanning technology to create individual digital templates or profiles, which may require compliance with legal requirements for the collection, storage, and processing of biometric data. Biometric data are classified as sensitive personal data under the GDPR in the UK, so their collection and processing must be conducted with explicit customer consent [8]. Apart from the collection, storage, and processing of biometric data, the use of AI and AR in beauty increases the risk of data misuse and information leakage. Therefore, reliable data protection should be a top priority for companies implementing new technologies [8]. Companies in this field must consider whether the use of behavioral biometrics with algorithmic AI approaches the prediction of users' intentions and emotions, against which the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) warns. Examples of behavioral biometrics include eye- tracking and the analysis of movements or facial expressions [8]. In the EU, AI regulation progresses with the development of the AI Act, but the UK's approach to AI regulation takes a different path. According to the government's White Paper published in March 2023, beauty innovators should be aware of five principles that will underpin future regulation in this area:
- safety, security, and robustness;
- transparency and "explainability";
- fairness;
- accountability;
- contestability and redress.
Conclusions.
Modern beauty salons are actively incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into their operations, leading to significant changes in customer service and business management. Examples include smart mirrors, virtual makeup try-on apps, and skin condition analysis, as well as on -demand services that allow for cosmetic procedures to be performed at any location and time. This ensures a new level of service and meets consumer needs. The main directions of AI usage in the beauty industry can be broadly divided into two categories: enhancing customer interaction and developing business models. In the first category, AI is used for personalized recommendations, virtual try -ons, skin analysis, and personalized care programs, as well as for customer service through chatbots. In terms of business development, AI promotes sustainable growth in the beauty sector, the development of new and sustainable products, the use of advanced technologies, inventory management, and supply chain optimization.
However, the use of AI in the beauty industry also comes with certain challenges, including the risk of confidential information leaks and the potential loss of clients due to excessive automation of business processes.
References:
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